The tumor is larger than 2 cm (1 in.) and has often spread into the muscle wall of the anus (the sphincter muscle is involved) but does not involve lymph nodes or other adjacent organs.
Standard Treatment Current treatment is combination chemotherapy , 5-FU + mitomycin-C or 5-FU + cisplatin , plus radiation therapy . When the response is not complete, the tumor is removed with radical surgery (abdominal-perineal resection with colostomy).
Five-Year Survival 70 percent
Stage IIIA
TNM T4, N0, M0 or T1-3, N1, M0
The cancer has invaded an adjacent organ such as the vagina (to which it may cause a fistula or draining communication), the prostate or bone (most commonly the lowermost part of the tail bone or sacrum).
